Teenage Pregnancy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

High school Pregnancy - Essay Example There has been a developing misery in regards to the issue of adolescent pregnancy and early parenthood, since it is recognized that these lead to poor instructive accomplishment, poor physical and psychological well-being, neediness, and social disconnection for both the guardians, particularly the mother and the youngsters. Adolescent pregnancy conveys significant expenses as far as both social and financial strength of the two moms and their youngsters. This paper will present the verifiable foundation of this scourge, concentrating on the debate that envelops the subject of state funded school sex instruction. At that point, strategy objectives and choices will be fundamentally talked about. , trying to examine this issue, this paper will finish up with an assessment of this arrangement and suggested arrangements in regards to the issue of adolescent pregnancy generally (Hoyt, HH and Broom, BL., 2002). Among the industrialized countries, the United States has the most noteworthy paces of teenager pregnancy, premature birth, and explicitly transmitted ailment. Openly, the strict right had a huge impact over the development of government strategy with respect to adolescent sex instruction since the Reagan Administration in the 1980's. Since this time, the government has taken an unbending position that the main passable type of sex instruction is exclusively restraint (Hampton, T., 2008). Ethically, the focal point of government strategy is on forestalling sexual lead before marriage, which disregards the profound quality of attempting to keep adolescents from picking up the information that could shield them from both ailment and undesirable pregnancies (Dinan, J., 2008). Various individuals frequently question the morals with respect to this open approach. Adolescent pregnancy conveys significant expenses as far as both the social and monetary soundness of moms and their kids. Fina ncially, teenager pregnancy is a tremendous channel on American culture, as the duty of child rearing a kid frequently keeps youthful moms from finishing their fundamental secondary school instruction. Only 33% of pregnant adolescent moms figure out how to finish secondary school and just 1.5 percent acquires a higher education by the age of thirty, while near 80 percent of all single young moms depend on government assistance for help (Kelly, K and Grant, L., 2007). Thirty-four percent of adolescent young ladies in America get pregnant at any rate one time before arriving at the age of twenty (Horgan, RP and Kenny, LC., 2007). Up to this point by law, forbearance just sex training programs are ordered to take out instructing total, medicinally precise data (Kohler, PK, Manhart, LE., and Lafferty, WE., 2008). Instructors are precluded by law from following exploration and general supposition supporting exhaustive sex training, in regards to strategies that really work in a positive way to forestall youngster pregnancy and lower STD rates (Rose, 2005, p. 1207). The most compelling partner bunch on this issue is the strict right. Rose (2005) makes it exceptionally evident that this gathering speaks to just 10 percent of the grown-up American populace. A 2004 report, Open Support for Comprehensive Sexuality training, uncovers that 93 percent of guardians of middle school understudies and 91 percent of guardians of secondary school understudies show support for thorough sex

Patriotism Essays (2410 words) - Nonviolence, Pacifism, Peace

Energy Energy By Charles Eliot Norton Address before the Men's Club of the Prospect Street Congregational Church, Cambridge, Mass., June 7, 1898. There are minutes in each man's life, in the life of each country, when, under the energy of enthusiasm, the straightforward certainties which in like manner times are the establishment whereupon the correct request and lead of life depend are adept to be overlooked and ignored. I will wander today to review to you a portion of these ordinary facts, which in nowadays of war need like never before to be remembered. There never was a land that better merited the adoration for her kin than America, for there never was a homeland kinder to her kids. She has given to them all that she could give. Her limitless assets have lain open to them, to use at their will. Furthermore, the outcome has been that never throughout the entire existence of man has there been so wonderful an exhibition of generally diffused and consistently expanding material government assistance as America has shown during the most recent hundred years. Heaps of men have lived here with more solace, with less dread, than any such numbers somewhere else in any age have lived. Endless hoards, whose ancestors from the earliest starting point of human life on earth have spent tired lives in unrewarded work, in tension, in defenselessness, in obliviousness, have ascended here, over the span of even a solitary age, without limit and secure delight in the their rewards for all the hard work, to certain expectation, to insightful ownersh ip of their own resources. Isn't the land to be beyond all doubt cherished in which this has been conceivable, in which this has been accomplished? Yet, there is a more profound wellspring of adoration for nation than the material points of interest and advantages it might manage. It is in the character of its kin, in their ethical life, in the kind of human progress which they display. The components of human instinct are without a doubt so fixed that ideal or horrible conditions have little impact upon its basic constitution, yet thriving or the converse brings various qualities into unmistakable quality. The conditions which have won in America have, if extensively thought to be, tended consistently and unequivocally to certain great outcomes in the national character; not, in reality, to unmixed great, yet to a prevalence of good. The organizations set up for self-government have been established with plan to make sure about equity and freedom for all. The social relations among the entire body of the individuals, are sympathetic and straightforward. The general soul of the individuals is liberal, is benevolent, is kind. The standards for the acknowledgment of which in private and open lead there is pretty much consistent and steady exertion, are as high and as commendable as any which men have sought after. Each certifiable American holds to the perfect of equity for all men, of autonomy, including free discourse and free activity inside the restrictions of law, of acquiescence to law, of all inclusive instruction, of material prosperity for all the well-carrying on and innovative, of harmony and positive attitude among men. These, anyway far short the country may fall in communicating them in its real life, are, nobody will deny it, the goals of our American majority rules system. Furthermore, it is on the grounds that America speaks to these standards that the most profound love for his nation gleams in the core of the American, and motivates him with that nationalism which considers no consequences, which regards no penance too extraordinary to even think about maintaining and to expand the impact of these standards which epitomize themselves in the reasonable state of his local land, and have their expressive image in her banner. The soul of his enthusiasm isn't a discontinuous motivation; it is a withstanding standard; it is the most grounded intention of his life; it is his religion. What's more, since it is along these lines, and just with respect to his adoration for the beliefs for which his nation stands, is his scorn of whatever is against them in private lead or open approach. Against treachery, against deceptive nature, against rebellion, against whatever may make for war rather than harmony, the productive member of society is consistently in arms. No astute American can have watched the course of illicit relationships among us during the most recent thirty years without grave nervousness from the

Policy Recommendation for Bill Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Approach Recommendation for Bill - Term Paper Example As administrative partner for Representative Jackson, I have advanced my contention ‘against’ the bill. For quite a while, men have been the objective of medication related acts and a plenty of them have needed to confront the sentence, for abusing rules and for surpassing confinements. Be that as it may, during the 1980s, the media-produced endemic of ‘crack babies’ has added fuel to the issue of pregnant ladies taking to drugs, particularly cocaine and the possible wellbeing related issues of the youngster, prompting neediness and under-development of the kid. The pre-natal development of the youngster has prompted such a conviction and this has honey bee fuelled by distortion of data by the media and different quarters. It is for sure obvious that utilization of medications by pregnant ladies can be unsafe to the embryo, and can prompted pre-natal medical issues. â€Å"An article in the clinical diary Lancet in 1989 found that logical investigations that presumed that introduction to cocaine prenatally effectsly affected the embryo had a fundamentally higher possibility of being distributed than increasingly cautious research finding no antagonistic effects.† Studies uncover that it isn't just medications that can prompt making hurt the baby, yet in addition liquor and tobacco. Actually, liquor can prompt lasting impediment of the embryo and could be unmistakably all the more crushing that medications like cocaine and weed. The fetal tobacco condition is one such case, which has prompted a high number fo premature deliveries and dismalness. The New York Times announced, that â€Å"the issues as a rule were followed not to medicate introduction however to some other horrible accident, passing in the

The Postal Acceptance Rule in Contract Law - Free Essay Example

Introduction An arrangement of a contract needs an agreement; it follows that, in sort for such agreement to be reached. There have to have an offer offered by one party which is accepted by the other. An acceptance is that, a concluding and incompetent expression of consent to the terms of an offer. To determine whether an agreement has been reached under a historical contract theory, an acceptance which matches the offer that has been made is essential. In accordance to an acceptance, the communication of an acceptance can be broken down into a mixture of components depending on the circumstances. An acceptance can be made or through carry out, private courier, silence, electronic communication, internet transaction, and finally, by post. In this current world, communication can take place in many ways. That being said there might be deferred among the sending of an acceptance. The rule functional here is that no communication is successful until it is acknowledge d and understood by the person to whom it is addressed. This however does not valid to the postal rule. The postal rule is an exemption to the general rule that an acceptance must come up to to the attention of the offeror. Fundamentally, this rule can be defined as a rule of contract law that makes exclusion to the common rule and the principle acknowledged was that, a contract is formed the instant the acceptance letter is sent, relatively than when they are communicated. The statute is intended to remove ambiguity from the contract arrangement process. It provides the offeree with assurance that an acceptance once it is posted will be efficient, even though the postal system delays delivery of the acceptance letter away from the offer date. The main cause for this is historical, as at the time when postage of a letter is slower and less dependable than it is today, in this modern century. In the sensible allegation of the postal rule today, it is much easier to establish that a l etter of acceptance has been sent than to verify whether it has been acknowledged or reached the attention of the offeror. Definition The postal rule is a theory of contract law that is generally referred to as the mailbox rule. It was created at a time when contracting parties did a large amount of their bargaining from a distance. Bargaining at a distance, typically through the mail, formed a problem, because the parties could not discern at the same time whether they had formed a contract. As a result, a general rule dictating the time of an efficient acceptance was obligatory. Thus, the postal rule was created and stands for the suggestion that acceptance is efficient on dispatch. The postal rule is exclusion to the general rule, which dictates that acceptance is effectual on receipt. The rationale behind the postal rule is that it encourages contracting by parties at a distance by making the person in the position of giving an acceptance just as protected as if the con tract was being completed face to face. From the policy perspective, it also fosters the formation of contracts at the earliest possible minute. The postal rule creates an exception to the belief that acceptance is incomplete until it is communicated to the offeror. The postal rule states that acceptance is absolute on posting. This vagueness led to the creation of the postal rule to make contract formation more just for the offeree. By implying the rule, the offereeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s acceptance is good from the minute it is mailed; in other words, it becomes effective once it is dispatch. By eradicating a lot of the ambiguity involved in bargaining through the mail, the postal rule did what it was intended to do. It created safety for the offeree, and by expansion, it encouraged contracting between two parties when meeting face to face was difficult, if not unattainable. Adam v Lindsell case law is the starting point where postal rule was recognized around 19th century. Adam s v Lindsell (1818) Facts: The case concerned two parties in the sale of wool. On September 2nd, the defendants wrote to the plaintiff offering to trade them certain fleeces (wooly coat of sheep) of wool and requiring an answer in the course of post. The defendants misdirected the letter so that the plaintiffs did not receive it until September 5th. The plaintiff posted their acceptance on the same day but it was not received until September 9th. Meanwhile, on September 8th, the defendant, not having received an answer by September 7th as they had expected, sold the wool to someone else. The defendant argued that there could not be a binding contract until the answer was actually received, and until then they were free to sell the wool to another buyer. Held: Law J said that, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“If that was true it would be impossible to complete any contract through the post, if the defendant was not bound by their offer until the answer was received, then the plaintiff would not be bound until they had received confirmation that the defendant had received their acceptance, and this could go on indefinitely.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [1] Conclusion: The postal rule does not concern to option contracts or permanent offers where acceptance is still efficient only ahead of acceptance. This is because the offeree no longer needs security against consequently mailed revocations of the offer. Result: The plaintiffs succeed in their claim. The defendant had committed a breach of contract. To have a change in mind or withdraw from an offer, or made an offer with someone else is possible by the offeror but nonetheless, the court looked into the manner, business would be better served by giving the offeree assurance, thus the postal rule was formed. This case had created innumerable problems and has led to a creation of the rule. This rule as acknowledged in the common law legal system is: Lord Herschell stated that, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Where the circumstances are such t hat it must have been within the contemplation of the parties that, according to the ordinary usages of mankind, the post might be used as a means of communicating the acceptance of an offer, the acceptance is complete as soon as it is posted.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [2] The ambiguity regarding the moment of contract arrangement does not take place in the environment of. In face-to-face communication or in distance contracting there is no vagueness on the moment when the contract is formed because of the immediate method of communication used. In this method of contracting, all parties are conscious of contract wrapping up and they do not face sticky topics for example malfunction of transmission or delay which take place in non instantaneous communications. Certainty The postal rule stated that, certainty is for the acceptor as he knows that there is a binding contract the moment he posts his acceptance letter. The offeror can construct certainty for him by stipulating that he must obtain acceptance before it is requisite or set other such confines. The offeror is in a point to efficiently get rid of the postal rule and if he selects not to then he is subjected to the limitations of postal communication. Household Fire Carriage Accident Insurance Co. v Grant (1879) Fact: The plaintiffà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s company was offered by the defendants to sell their shares to them. The plaintiff fixed the shares to the defendant and sent him a letter to verify. The letter was missing in the post. The liquidator requested that the defendant make the exceptional payments on his shares when the plaintiffà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s company went into bankruptcy. The defendant refused to pay as they stated that there was no binding contract in the first place. Held: There was a binding contract formed. The postal rule had been applied, meaning that it was irrelevant for the defendant to say that there is no binding contract, even though the letter of acceptance was lost in th e post because a binding contract is formed once the letter was actually posted. Thesiger LJ: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦if the post office be such common agent then it seems to me to follow that as soon as the letter of acceptance is delivered to the post office, the contract is made as complete and binding as if the acceptor had put his letter into the hands of a messenger sent by the offeror himself as his agent to deliver the offer and receive the acceptanceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢[3] Thesiger LJ noted that when communicating by post: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦it is impossibleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦to adjust conflicting rights between innocent parties, so as to make the consequences of mistake on the part of a mutual agent fall equally on the shoulders of bothà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢[3] Bramwell LJ noted the offeror could avoid the postal rule by stating à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"your answer by post is only to bind if it reaches meà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ [3] Nevertheless, Yates Building co. Ltd v Pulleyn Son (York) Ltd (1975) stated that every necessity about the manner of acceptance must be visibly stated to be applicable. Yates Building Co. Ltd. V Pulleyn Son (York) (1975) Facts: the defendant contracted the plaintiff an opportunity to buy land, exercisable by notice in writing to be sent by à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“registered or recorded delivery postà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . The plaintiff sent a letter compliant to the offer by regular post, which was accepted by the defendant who refused to acknowledge it as valid. Held: It was held that this manner of acceptance was legitimate and was no disadvantage to the offeror, as the manner fixed was only to guarantee the delivery and that had happened. In addition, the verdict in Tinn v Hoffman Co. (1873) defines that where a necessity for a certain category of reply has been made, an evenly efficient manner of communication will also be deemed adequate provided it is just as immediate and does not disadvantage the offeror. An offer by email could consequently be accepted for example, by telephone. Tinn v Hoffman Co. (1873) Acceptance was requested by return of post. Honeyman J. said: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“That does not mean exclusively a reply by letter or return of post, but you may reply by telegram or by verbal message or by any means not later than a letter written by return of post.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [4] Limitations The postal rule only applies to acceptance and to other communication between contracting parties. The postal rule does not apply where it was unreasonable for the acceptance letter to be sent by post. Quenerduaine v Cole (1883) Fact: The defendant made an offer by telegram which the plaintiff supposed to accept by letter. Held: The postal rule did not apply. The court found that an offer which was prepared by telegram which is an instantaneous kind of way implied that an equally quick acceptance was required. The postal rule does not apply if the letter was not properly addressed, stamped, and posted. Re London Northern Bank, Ex P. Jones (1900) Fact: Dr. Jones makes an offer to the London Northern Bank. At 7.00 am, a letter of acceptance, being addressed to Dr. Jones, was handed to a postman in a post office foyer. The postman had no right to collect letters, only to deliver post. At 9.30 am, Dr. Jones delivered a letter to the bank revoking his offer. At 7.30 pm, the bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s acceptance letter was delivered to Dr. Jones. Held: The postal rule did not relevant as a result of the incorrect posting. A letter must be placed in a mail box or given to a post office employee who is allowed to receive mail. The postal rule can be displaced by the offeror. Holwell Securities Ltd v Hughes (1974) Facts: Facts: Dr. Hughes contracted Holwell Securities an opportunity to acquire his house for  £45, 000. The decision was to be exercisable à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"by notice in writingà ¢Ã ¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ within 6 months. Holwell posted a letter exercising the option, five days before the expiry. This letter was never acknowledged by Hughes. Holwell wanted to enforce the decision relying on the postal rule stating the acceptance took place before the expiry of the decision. Held: By requiring à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"notice in writingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Dr. Hughes had precise that he had to actually accept the communication and had therefore disqualified the postal rule. Acceptance is only effective on communication which is receipt of the letter, when the postal rule does not apply. Retraction In cases where the postal rule applies and acceptance is efficient on posting, is the acceptor party able to retract the acceptance letter before it comes to the consideration of the offeror? Without a doubt, firm appliance of the postal rule defines that retraction of acceptance is impossible as there is a binding contract once a letter is sent. On the other hand, the posta l rule has developed with the purpose of benefit the acceptor so it can be debated that it should not be applied in a way which is disadvantageous to him. For example, if he wishes to change his decision after posting and the offeror has yet to receive his communication of acceptance to inflict the postal rule would be to his loss. It would not cause the offeror to put up with as the removal of acceptance would take place aforementioned to him realizing it had been agreed, so he would not yet have been capable to act ahead it. Allowing retraction can also be seen as making an iniquitous preconceived notion in favor of the acceptor, whom would benefit both from the sureness of the postal rule and be able to make use of retraction to cogitate at the expense of the offeror. An imbalance would subsist where a binding contract is formed by good worth of the postal rule and the acceptor could retract but an offeror is not allowed to revoke the offer. Byrne Co. v Van Tienhoven Co. (1880) Facts: the defendant posted a letter offering goods for sale to the plaintiff on October 1st. However, the defendant revoked the offer which arrived at the plaintiffà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s place on October 20th. By October 11th, the plaintiff had accepted the offer by telegram and had posted a letter confirming the acceptance on October 15th. Held: It was apprehended that the defendantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s revocation was ineffective until it was received on October 20th. This was too behind schedule as the contract was prepared on the 11th when the plaintiff sent a telegram. Verdict was set for the plaintiff. In Byrne Co. v Van Tienhoven Co. (1880), the courts established the venerable thought that any revocation of an offer must be communicated to the offeree; even though, again there are some exceptions to this statute. The offeror required to communicate this revocation to the offeree himself, though. It is not always possible for a company, or even an individual, to communicate straightly with the other contracting party and this is reflected in the judgment of Dickinson v Dodds (1876) that revocation may be communicated by a dependable third party. Dickinson v Dodds (1876) Facts: Dodds offered to trade his house to Dickinson, the offer being release until Friday, 9 am. On Thursday, Dodds sold the house to Allan. Dickinson was being told about the sale by Berry, the estate agent, and he delivered an acceptance before 9 am Friday. The trial judge awarded Dickinson a ruling of specific performance. The Court of Appeal reversed the decision of the judge. Held: James LJ stated that the plaintiff knew that Dodds was no longer minded to trade the property to him as obvious and undoubtedly as if Dodds had told him in so many words, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“I withdraw the offer.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  This was apparent from the plaintiffà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s own statements. It was lucid that before there was any attempt at acceptance by the plaintiff, he was completely well conscious that Dodds had altered his mind, and that he had indeed agreed to trade the property to Allan. It was not possible, as a result to say there was ever that existence of the same mind between the two parties which is crucial in point of law to the making of an agreement. The issue has also being considered in other jurisdictions. Wenkheim v Arndt (1873) Fact: This case is originated from New Zealand. The plaintiff offered to marry the defendant, which had sent an acceptance by letter. The defendantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s mother professed to draw back the acceptance by telegram which is prior to the acceptance (acceptance letter) being received by the plaintiff. Held: The retraction was unacceptable. The case is cited to hold up the view that retraction is impossible. Yet, whether the third party was certified was also an concern in this case. Countess of Dunmore v Alexander (1830) Facts: The case was originated from Scotland. A disagreemen t over whether communication between two prospective employers had formed a contract to employ a servant. Held: No contract was produced. As a result, it appears that a postal acceptance could be withdrawn by a speedier means. The case is cited to hold up the vision that retraction may be possible. On the other hand, it was a majority decision and the reasoning is very vague. Recommendation In the new world of the 21st century, the technology is ahead of our imagination. The method of forming a contract, say, for instance, an offer, acceptance and the invitation to treat are theoretically depending on the electronic communication. The well-known form of an acceptance in the world nowadays can be made by a simple click by an email. An electronic mail is frequently being seen as a digital requirement of the postal arrangement, of course, in the modern age. Thus, the postal rule can be applied to the acceptance sent by the mail. On the other hand, to settle on whether a postal rule is relevant to the acceptance by mail, some modes of communication advantage from the rule or not needs to be ascertained. The still unending disagreement is that the postal rule only applies when the offer contemplates acceptance by non-instantaneous way of communication. Conclusion In conclusion, it is perhaps the time that postal rules shall be restated for the 21st century. A potential reformulation would focus on the non-instantaneous nature of communications which gain from the rule. Perhaps the new rule should state that, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The acceptance is effective from the time it leaves the acceptorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s control, where an offer contemplates acceptance by a non-immediate form of communication.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Such a description would eliminate the need for a trusted third party and would cover all non-instantaneous methods of communication which is also includes those not yet created. It does though necessitate that methods of communication can be divide into instantaneous and non-instantaneous, a difference that may be become distorted with potential technological advances. Reference The postal rule in contract law. Available from: https://www.ockadvocates.com/2013/02/the-postal-rule-in-contract-law/ [Accessed 5 April 2014] Acceptance: postal rule. Available from: https://www.bitsoflaw.org/contract/formation/revision-note/degree/acceptance-postal-rule [Accessed 5 April 2014] The postal rule in English contract law. Available from: https://suite.io/zoe-kirk-robinson/3a99230 [accessed 5April 2014] Relevance of the postal rule of acceptance. Available from: https://www.ukessays.com/essays/law/relevance-of-the-postal-rule-of-acceptance-law-essay.php [Accessed 5 April 2014] What is the postal rule? Available from: https://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-postal-rule.htm [Accessed 5 April 2014] Does the postal rule apply to revocation? Available from: https://www.experts123.com/q/does-the-postal-rule-ap [Accessed 5April 2014] Holwell Securities v Hughes. Available from: https://www.e-lawresources.co.uk/Holwell-Securities- [Accessed 5 April 2014]

The Great Recession Of 2008 Was A Worldwide Economic Downturn

The Great Recession of 2008 was a worldwide economic downturn that impacted the global economy. Economists consider the economic decline as one of the most damaging recessions that occurred since the Great Depression of 1930’s. Several documentations and research regarding the recession have been made to make a better understanding of the economic downturn in 2008 as well as the global economy as a whole. The book used as reference in this essay, the Diary Of A Very Bad Year: Confessions of an Anonymous Hedge Fund Manager, captured the events corresponding to the length of the Great Recession through separate interviews of an anonymous hedge fund manager (HFM). The interviews contain information shared by HFM that describes the Great†¦show more content†¦HFM’s experience as a hedge fund manager gives value into this information and the authority to describe what started the crisis. The advantage that follows from the source regarding this idea is that it record ed information that described the creation of the mortgage bubble in the financial market, and the damage dealt to the financial system when the mortgage market crashed from a finance expert. The disadvantage is that the subprime market might not be the only reason of the misallocation of resources, given the fact that HFM’s hedge fund was involved in the subprime market which might have formed a biased opinion on that matter (18-19). The nature of the source does not complicate the idea of the cause of the crisis, although concluding that the subprime market was the main cause could complicate the subject. This clearly shows that the idea of the misallocation of resources within the book had negatively impacted the financial system that built the momentum of the economic decline. Another main idea in the book is the linkages of the financial system to the real economy during the recession. In the duration of the financial crisis, unemployment as well as job loss increased, w age eroded, and companies and businesses closing were in significant numbers (66; 83). In a more specific example, the Reserve PrimaryShow MoreRelatedThe Courage Of Act Memoir Is Essential Reading For People Who Wants You Know What Happened At Federal Open844 Words   |  4 PagesThe Courage to Act memoir is essential reading for people who wants to know what happened at Federal Open Market Committee meeting on Aug. 5, 2008. It invokes comparisons to the Great Depression and at the same time suggests that Shucks, it was not all that great, was not a depression or anything (Bernanke). But Bernanke is persuasive in arguing that it was pretty damned high i.e. terrible and he and his members at the Fed deserve credit for the fact that it wasn t a heck of a lot greater. 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Poems Poetry and Free Verse Poem - 774 Words

Poetry Journal Project **Due Monday, February 4, 2013** You will create a poetry journal. It will contain 20 poems. Each poem will contain one of the items below. You may not use the same poem twice. You may not use any poem we have read in class. 1. Rhyme (any kind) 11. Free Verse Poem 2. Imagery 12. Narrative Poem 3. Simile 13. Lyric Poem 4. Metaphor 14. Consonance 5. Alliteration 15. Assonance 6. Personification 16. Refrain 7. Hyperbole 17. Allusion 8. Extended Metaphor 18. Near rhyme 9. Onomatopoeia 19. End rhyme 10. Symbolism 20. Internal rhyme Each poem must include the title and poet. For each poem, you must also include where you found†¦show more content†¦Grammar, spelling, punctuation, and content all| |count. | Your journal must be typed. Each poem must be on its own page; if you need two pages for the five poems you choose to do the analysis on, you may use more than one page. Your journal must be bound like a book when turned in. They can be put in a binder with clips, tied together, stapled, etc. Your journal must have a cover. I will not accept journals that are not formatted correctly. If your journal looks suspiciously like another student’s (same poems, same analysis, etc.) both/all of you will receive a 0 and a referral to administration for academic dishonesty. The journal is worth 300 points and is weighted at 35% of your grade. Poetry Presentation and Reflection Paper **Presentations scheduled for February 12, 13, and 14. **Presentation Reflection Paper due February 21. Poetry Presentation (100 points) Choose one of the poems you included in your poetry journal. You may not choose song lyrics for this†¦it must be a poem! Prepare a 5 minute presentation of that poem for the class. 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In the first poem â€Å"My November Guest† by Robert Frost, we will discuss the formal analysis, which includes the style, metre, rhyme, figurative language, etc. In the second poem â€Å"You Called Me Corazon† we will discuss the formal analysis as well. In Robert Frost’s â€Å"My November Guest†, the first thing you will notice about the poem is that it consists

The Harbinger of Things to Come free essay sample

To see how similar the cause of collapse of both Laventhol amp; Horwath and Andersen, let’s examine these two cases from two perspectives. a. From the clients’ side The last straw which led to the demise of these two CPA firm were PTL club to Lamp;H and Enron to Anderson. PTL Club had a very weak internal control. As it is pointed out in the case, whenever Jim Bakker needed money, he could just simply make a board member introduce a resolution for a bonus. Auditors could not find necessary documents to support expenses and revenue. Compensation was excessive far beyond the regulation of IRS. (Louwers, 867-872) Enron was engaged in aggressive accounting practices. It took advantage of the deregulation to inflate energy price. It utilized off-balance sheet financing vehicle to make its financial statement look far better than it was supposed to be. Both PTL Club and Enron were very risky clients. (Shirur, 4) b) From the CPA firms’ side Lamp;H and Anderson knew that they were walking on the tightrope. However, for profit’s sake, they chose to close their eyes and took the risk. Lamp;H was surrounded by allegations due to their aggressive approaches on their audit work. As for Anderson, it took in 17 out of 58 Lamp;H’s clients after Lamp;H’s fall, which was close to double of all the clients being taken in by any other Big Six (Read, 6). This behavior was a strong indication that Lamp;H and Anderson shared the same philosophy which was to earn the most out of the hole of regulation and law. 2) No. According to the Analysis of Lamp;H’s Clients by Subsequent Auditor, Anderson took in the most numbers off clients of Lamp;H, which is 17 out of 107 among 33 CPA firms. Lamp;H and Anderson had very similar management philosophy. They pushed to get the most. It is the result of market economics. Hence, government should play a significant role in putting regulation and law in place to prevent such things from happening. 3) The problem lies not on how audit reports should be used but on what quality audit reports should possess. In the PTL Club case, red flags were obvious which included but not limited to hazards internal control, far-beyond-reasonable lavish lifestyle of Jim and Tammy, and secret account. These red flags were enough to trigger an in-depth investigation or extensive auditing procedures. However, nothing was done until Mr. Baker’s extramarital tryst. In this case, the only way to prevent such behavior is to keep to the 10 basic Auditing Standards and improve the ethical awareness of the profession. ) AU Section 560 defines Subsequent Events as â€Å"events or transactions occur subsequent to the balance-sheet date, but prior to the issuance of the financial statements, that has a material effect on the financial statements and therefore require adjustment or disclosure in the statements. †(AU Section 560) The time line of Hamp;L’s audit of PTL Club is: End of fiscal year (May 31, 1984), Audit Completion Date (Dual dated as August 31, 1984 and October 24, 1984). Based on the timeline and the above definition of subsequent events, I believe that it is a subsequent event. But whether Deloitte needed to evaluate the sales occurring after the balance sheet date of May 31, 1984 depends on the materiality of the over sales occurring during May 31, 1984 and October 24, 1984. It was said that over sales occurred shortly after May 31, 1984. Then how big was the over sales between May 31, 1984 and October 24, 1984? Was the number material enough to subject to disclosure? It was an issue required judgment. Between 1984 and 1987, $158 million was contributed as the (74,000+66,000=140,000) partnerships though the limit of the sale of memberships was only (25,000+30,000=55,000). The actual sales were almost triple of the limit. However, how was the over sales allocated. Was the over sales occurred between May 31, 1984 and October 24, 1984 significant enough to subject to disclosure? We have no clues from the information provided. But given that Jim Bakker was all the time utilized the good reputation of PTL Club’s audit, Deloitte had reasons to exercise reasonable professional skepticism and did an in-depth investigation, not to mention that Deloitte expressed a going- concern on the draft of 1984 audit report concerning current assets of only $8. million against $28. 5 million current liabilities and all the other red flags signaling possible fraud. As for Lamp;H, since limited number of partnerships was widely published, it had no excuse for not being acknowledged this issue. As a CPA firm, it just exercises due professional care in the performance of the audit and the preparation of the audit report. 5) High risk, high return. Companies willing to accept high-risk clients are striving to provide the so-called value-added service to its clients. They choose to push the edge of law and regulation to earn high return. This is the nature of market economy. 6) Bonus-approval procedure in PTL Club was a joke. Documentations for large amount of expenditure were lost. Careful inspection of records and documents alone would be able to reveal PTL’s financial problems or at least put them in a position to confess to some of the fraud. Analytical procedure would also help to uncover the â€Å"Ponzi† scheme of the lifetime partnerships. Contribution of partnership between 1984 and 1987 was $158 million.